[141] From 1926 until 1972, London Zoo, followed by several other zoos around the world, held a chimpanzees' tea party daily, inspiring a long-running series of advertisements for PG Tips tea featuring such a party. 2011) are ca. The foregoing feedback confers with the widespread chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes). [94][95], These alternative mating strategies give females more mating opportunities without losing the support of the males in their community. Western chimpanzees, also known as West African chimpanzees, are found in western Africa in the countries of Ivory Coast ( Côte d'Ivoire), Ghana, Senegal, Guinea, Liberia, Mali, Guinea-Bissau, Sierra Leone, and Burkina Faso. [147], A five-year moratorium was imposed by the US National Institutes of Health in 1996, because too many chimps had been bred for HIV research, and it has been extended annually since 2001. [36][11], Chimpanzee bodies are covered by coarse hair, except for the face, fingers, toes, palms of the hands, and soles of the feet. The decision was prompted by the severe levels of poaching and habitat loss, which the IUCN believes have sparked a significant population decline that is set to continue in the following decades. [7] The genus name Pan derives from the Greek god, while the specific name troglodytes was taken from the Troglodytae, a mythical race of cave-dwellers. [169][170] Another example of chimpanzees being aggressive toward humans occurred in 2009 in Stamford, Connecticut, when a 90-kilogram (200 lb), 13-year-old pet chimp named Travis attacked his owner's friend, who lost her hands, eyes, nose, and part of her maxilla from the attack. But chimpanzees have the widest range of any great ape species. [75], Chimpanzees live in communities that typically range from around 20 to more than 150 members, but spend most of their time travelling in small, temporary groups consisting of a few individuals, which may consist of any combination of age and sex classes. "[150], Only one European laboratory, the Biomedical Primate Research Centre in Rijswijk, the Netherlands, used chimpanzees in research. [109] Male chimps hunt more than females. [174][175] Kinshasa, in the Democratic Republic of Congo, has the greatest genetic diversity of HIV-1 so far discovered, suggesting the virus has been there longer than anywhere else. The chimpanzee is covered in coarse black hair, but has a bare face, fingers, toes, palms of the hands, and soles of the feet. The masks may also serve to guard households and protect both human and plant fertility. [129], A chimpanzee from the Kasakela chimpanzee community was the first nonhuman animal reported making a tool, by modifying a twig to use as an instrument for extracting termites from their mound. The chimpanzee is a great ape species that is native to sub-Saharan Africa, where it prefers forests and jungles. "Much of the apes' behavior is pure drill", he said. For hives of the dangerous African honeybees, chimps use longer and thinner sticks to extract the honey. [105], When hunting small monkeys such as the red colobus, chimpanzees hunt where the forest canopy is interrupted or irregular. [68] Chimps may react to a leopard's presence with loud vocalising, branch shaking and throwing objects. [99][100] Newborn chimps are helpless; their grasping reflex is not strong enough to support them for more than a few seconds. They remain in continual contact for the rest of their first year. [108], Chimpanzees display numerous signs of intelligence, from the ability to remember symbols[110] to cooperation,[111] tool use,[112] and perhaps language. The infant is weaned at about three years old, but usually maintains a close relationship with its mother for several years more. [121] Researchers also reported that, when faced with a choice between two persons, chimpanzees were just as likely to beg food from a person who could see the begging gesture as from a person who could not, thereby raising the possibility that chimpanzees lack theory of mind. [115] Chimps also display signs of culture among groups, with the learning and transmission of variations in grooming, tool use and foraging techniques leading to localised traditions. 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